When it comes to sweatshirt fabrics, there’s more than meets the eye. Whether you’re looking for comfort, durability, or style, understanding the different types of sweatshirt fabric can help you make informed decisions when shopping or caring for your garments. In this guide, we’ll explore the various fabric types, their composition, and tips for preventing pilling and maintaining your sweatshirts in top condition.
What Is Sweatshirt Fabric?
Sweatshirt fabric is typically a knitted textile, often referred to as French terry or fleece after it is raised. The fabric’s characteristic terry loop backing makes it breathable, soft, and comfortable for casual wear. Depending on the weave and thickness, sweatshirt fabrics are known by different names in various regions, such as fish scale cloth (due to its distinctive loop texture) or simply terry cloth.
Weight Classification of Sweatshirt Fabrics
Sweatshirt fabric can generally be classified based on its weight, which determines its thickness and suitability for different weather conditions:
Small Sweatshirts (under 250g/m²):These are lighter and thinner fabrics, often woven with a single yarn. They are breathable and suitable for milder temperatures. The loop texture is finer, often referred to as "small terry."
Big Sweatshirts (over 280g/m²):These are thicker, heavier fabrics, typically woven with two or more yarns. The loops are more pronounced, giving the fabric a plush, cozy feel, often called "big terry."
Additionally, sweatshirts with a brushed or raised finish are made by brushing the terry side of the fabric to enhance warmth and texture. These sweatshirts are thicker, usually ranging from 280g to 320g, and are ideal for colder weather.
Composition of Sweatshirt Fabrics
Sweatshirt fabrics come in a variety of compositions, each offering different levels of durability, comfort, and flexibility:
100% Cotton: Soft, breathable, and natural, pure cotton sweatshirts are comfortable and ideal for casual wear.
CVC (Cotton-Polyester Blend): A combination of cotton and polyester, this blend offers improved durability and is more affordable than 100% cotton.
TC/AB (Polyester-Cotton Blend): With about 30% cotton, this fabric is strong, resistant to wrinkles, and relatively low-maintenance.
100% Polyester: Lightweight, durable, and moisture-wicking, polyester sweatshirts are easy to care for and resistant to shrinkage.
Sweatshirts with Elasticity
For added comfort and flexibility, some sweatshirt fabrics are blended with spandex (Lycra or Mignon). This creates a stretchy fabric that retains its shape and provides better mobility. These stretch fabrics can be made from any of the aforementioned compositions, with spandex typically making up around 5% of the total fabric.
Why Do Sweatshirts Pill?
Pilling is a common issue with sweatshirt fabrics, especially those made from synthetic fibers. It occurs when small fibers in the fabric break loose and tangle, forming unattractive balls or "pills" on the surface. Here are three primary causes of pilling:
Fabric Characteristics:The type of fibers used in the fabric plays a significant role in pilling. Fine fibers are more prone to pilling than coarser ones. Blended fabrics, such as cotton-polyester blends, also pill more easily compared to 100% cotton.
Friction and Static Electricity:Fabrics like polyester tend to generate static electricity, which causes fibers to stand upright, increasing the likelihood of pilling. Continuous rubbing and wear can exacerbate this issue.
Improper Washing:Harsh washing methods, high temperatures, and the use of incorrect detergents can damage the fabric and contribute to pilling. Using the wrong washing techniques can weaken fibers, making them more likely to pill.
How to Prevent and Manage Pilling
While you can't completely prevent pilling, you can reduce it with careful fabric selection and proper care. Here’s what you can do:
Choose Fabrics Wisely:Opt for fabrics with longer, stronger fibers, such as 100% cotton, if you want to minimize pilling. Natural fibers like wool or cashmere are also less prone to pilling than synthetic blends.
Avoid Over-Washing:Excessive washing weakens the fibers, so wash sweatshirts only when necessary. Always wash at low temperatures (20–45°C) to avoid damaging the fabric.
Use Gentle Detergents:Opt for neutral, mild detergents to preserve the fabric’s integrity. Avoid bleach and harsh chemicals.
Hand Wash and Air Dry:Hand washing is gentler on fabrics and prevents the aggressive tumbling action of washing machines. Always air dry sweatshirts, avoiding wringing or excessive heat.
Tips for Cleaning and Caring for Sweatshirts
To keep your sweatshirt in top shape, follow these cleaning and maintenance tips:
General Washing:
Wash at or below 25°C (cold water is best).
Use a neutral detergent.
Gently hand wash; avoid scrubbing the fabric too harshly, especially around the neckline and cuffs.
Cleaning Printed Sweatshirts:
Do not soak printed items for too long.
Avoid rubbing the print with your hands or using bleach-containing detergents.
Hand wash with mild soapy water and a soft-bristled brush to gently remove stains.
Drying:
After washing, gently squeeze out excess water and avoid wringing the fabric.
Never use a dryer. Lay the sweatshirt flat or hang it to dry naturally.
For printed sweatshirts, avoid direct exposure to heat and bleaching.
Ironing:
If necessary, iron the sweatshirt on low to medium heat using steam.
Always place a cloth between the iron and printed areas to protect the design.
Storage Tips:
Avoid stuffing the sweatshirt into tight spaces. Use a hanger or fold it carefully.
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain fabric integrity.
Conclusion
Understanding the different types of sweatshirt fabric, their compositions, and how to care for them will ensure that your garments stay soft, comfortable, and looking great for years to come. Whether you prefer a lightweight, breathable fabric or a cozy, brushed finish for winter, proper fabric care and maintenance can minimize issues like pilling and prolong the life of your favorite sweatshirts.
By following these simple tips for selection, cleaning, and storage, you can enjoy your sweatshirts to the fullest without sacrificing quality or comfort.
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